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Abstract Long-term ecological observations are critical for understanding the natural dynamics of coral reef systems and their associated species. This study presents a 30-year non-intervention dataset (1995–2025) on the behavior, population dynamics, and ecological role of Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) at Pulau Gelok. Despite multiple mass bleaching events and significant fluctuations in coral cover, Acanthaster populations remained spatially stable and did n

The vibrant tapestry of coral reefs, with their kaleidoscope of colors and bustling marine life, represents one of the most precious ecosystems on Earth. Yet, these underwater marvels face unprecedented threats from climate change, pollution, and destructive human activities. As I delve into the intricate world of coral reef rehabilitation, I am reminded of the delicate balance that sustains these ecosystems and the urgent need for informed, ethical restoration efforts. This

The ocean’s vibrant coral reefs are among the most intricate and vital ecosystems on Earth. Their delicate balance supports countless marine species and sustains coastal communities. Understanding coral biology is essential for anyone committed to preserving these underwater treasures. Today, the opportunity to learn coral biology from experts online has never been more accessible or comprehensive. Through carefully designed online coral biology lessons, one can gain profound